Entropy Analysis and System Design for Quantum Random Number Generators in CMOS Integrated Circuits

A quantum random number generator is implemented in an integrated circuit without the need for complex, bulky and expensive measurement equipment and circuitry. Quantum entropy, chaotic entropy and pseudo-entropy are defined and their combinations mathematically described. Models and design equations are provided for estimating the quantum entropy in the form of shot noise due to sub-threshold leakage, gate tunneling leakage and junction tunneling leakage in MOS transistors and CMOS IC’s.